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Related Concept Videos

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model01:14

Compartment Models: Single-Compartment Model

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The single-compartment model serves as a simplified representation of the human body. This model assumes that the body functions as a single, well-mixed open compartment. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the body and quickly distributes uniformly. The drug then undergoes biotransformation and elimination, ultimately leaving the body. The volume of this compartment is referred to as the apparent volume of distribution into which the drug can uniformly distribute. In this...
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Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model01:20

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

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The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

257
Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Single compartment drug delivery.

Michael J Cima1, Heejin Lee2, Karen Daniel2

  • 1The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Materials Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted drug delivery overcomes challenges in treating diseases within specific body compartments. This review explores methods for direct drug administration to sites like the brain and eye, improving treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
Controlled release drug deliveryLocal therapyMicrofabricationNoninvasiveSingle compartmentTargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Systemic drug administration faces challenges due to similar molecular targets in healthy and diseased tissues.
  • Poor drug partitioning and rapid metabolism limit the efficacy of systemic treatments.
  • Certain body compartments are inherently difficult to reach with systemically administered drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review drug delivery methods that physically target drugs to specific body compartments.
  • To discuss the rationale and examples of single compartment drug delivery for various organs.
  • To provide a translational and technological perspective on localized drug administration.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on drug delivery methods enabling physical targeting to individual body compartments.
  • Review of procedures and devices for direct drug administration.
  • Discussion of examples across different development stages, from research to clinical practice.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific compartments (bladder, peritoneum, brain, eye, skin) as key targets for localized drug delivery.
  • Overview of diverse approaches and technologies for direct drug administration into these compartments.
  • Examples illustrating the progression of single compartment drug delivery from preclinical to clinical applications.

Conclusions:

  • Single compartment drug delivery offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes for diseases localized in specific tissues.
  • Technological advancements are enabling more effective and targeted drug administration to previously inaccessible or "privileged" body compartments.
  • This approach holds significant potential for improving disease management across various medical fields.