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Related Concept Videos

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

209
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
209
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

280
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
280
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.3K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

269
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
269

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A Mouse Ear Model for Allergic Contact Dermatitis Evaluation
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[Allergic contact eczema].

R Brehler1, S Grundmann1

  • 1Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Ambulanz für Allergologie, Berufsdermatologie und Umweltmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|May 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact eczema is more common on facial skin than irritant eczema. Identifying allergens through patch testing is crucial for effective treatment, alongside limited topical steroid use.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Facial allergic contact eczema, particularly in the periorbital region, is more prevalent than irritant eczema.
  • Distinguishing allergic contact eczema from seborrheic dermatitis is aided by observing concomitant eczema in different body locations.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the significance of allergological examinations, including comprehensive patch testing, for diagnosing facial allergic contact eczema.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies, emphasizing allergen avoidance and the judicious use of topical steroids.

Summary:

  • Allergic contact eczema, mediated by Type IV hypersensitivity reactions, is a frequent diagnosis on facial skin, especially around the eyes.
  • Effective management necessitates strict avoidance of identified allergens, underscoring the importance of thorough patch testing.
  • Current treatment guidelines recommend limited application of topical steroids, with calcineurin inhibitors being a first-line option for facial atopic dermatitis but not yet approved for other periorbital dermatitis types.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy for facial allergic contact eczema through specialized testing.
  • Enhanced patient outcomes via targeted allergen avoidance strategies.
  • Informed clinical decision-making regarding therapeutic options for periorbital dermatitis.