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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

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Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

The Automated Crystallography Pipelines at the EMBL HTX Facility in Grenoble
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Crystallographic services and technology support for industry.

Antonia Neels1, Olha Sereda2, Tobias Bandi2

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Microtechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Life Sciences
  • Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • CSEM's XRD Application Lab supports technology and product development.
  • Non-destructive X-ray diffraction (XRD) is crucial for structural material analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the analytical capabilities of CSEM's XRD Application Lab.
  • To highlight the development of in situ techniques for dynamic material analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing non-destructive X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural investigations.
  • Developing and applying in situ techniques to observe real-time structural changes.

Main Results:

  • XRD methods enable comprehensive structural analysis of materials, components, and systems.
  • In situ techniques allow observation of structural transformations under various external stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • CSEM's XRD lab provides essential analytical support across diverse scientific and technological fields.
  • Advanced in situ XRD methods offer unprecedented insights into material behavior under dynamic conditions.