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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Is eye gaze direction always determined without intent?

Shannon O'Malley¹, Derek Besner

¹Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada, omalley@mcmaster.ca.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

|May 9, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Gaze direction processing is not always automatic or reflexive. This study suggests that understanding gaze direction often requires conscious intent, challenging the automatic processing assumption in cognitive science.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Cognition
Visual Perception

Background:

Automatic processing is often assumed for gaze direction.
This assumption implies gaze processing is reflexive and unintentional.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether gaze direction processing is always automatic.
To determine if gaze processing is secondary to intention.

Main Methods:

Participants responded to either eye gaze or a non-eye target (arrow/word).
Stimuli included congruent and incongruent eye gaze and target directions.
The stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) between task cue and face was manipulated (0 ms vs. 750 ms).

Main Results:

Congruency effects for eye gaze direction were consistent across SOAs.
Processing of gaze direction did not differ based on SOA manipulation.

Conclusions:

Gaze direction processing is not always automatic or reflexive.
Gaze processing appears to be secondary to intention in many contexts.