Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

739
The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
739
First Impression01:09

First Impression

425
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
425
Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning01:15

Real-World Application of Classical Conditioning

2.6K
Classical conditioning not only includes the initial pairing of stimuli but also extends to more complex forms, such as higher-order conditioning. Higher-order conditioning involves creating associations beyond the primary conditioned stimulus, resulting in a chain of conditioned responses.
Higher-order, or second-order, conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an already established conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings. For instance, if a dog has been...
2.6K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.5K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.5K
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

609
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
609
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

818
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
818

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regions in the human inferior temporal gyrus are engaged in numerosity processing across visual stimulus categories.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same author

Cortical and white matter myelination proceed in concert during early infancy.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Highly replicable multisite patterns of adolescent white matter maturation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The Genetic Feasibility of Gonadal Development and Fertility in Polyodon-Acipenserid Interfamilial Hybrids: An Opinion on the Chromosomal Basis.

Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)·2026
Same author

Fluorescent emission profiles reveal interspecific differences in three Danube River Basin sturgeon species.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

It matters who you are: biography modulates the neural dynamics of facial identity representation.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Does stimulus preceding negativity reflect predictions in a somatosensory roving paradigm?

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Temporal Dynamics of EEG Reflect Continuous Error Correction During Force Control.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Frontoparietal Hub Connectivity Integrates Information from Multiple Sources.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Mapping the Heart-Brain Continuum beyond Heart Failure: Why Neurology Matters.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Emergence of behavioral tinnitus in gerbils is associated with reduced spontaneous rates in single auditory nerve fibers.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Decoding the neural stages from action and object recognition to mentalizing.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

4.7K

Repetition probability effects depend on prior experiences.

Mareike Grotheer1, Gyula Kovács

  • 1Institute of Psychology and DFG Research Unit Person Perception, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, and Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceptual expectations influence repetition suppression (RS) in the brain. This study shows that prior experience with a stimulus category, like letters, affects how expectations modulate RS, unlike unfamiliar stimuli.

Keywords:
expectationfMRIlearningletterpredictionrepetition suppression

More Related Videos

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.3K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

4.7K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.3K
Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
07:59

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory

Published on: June 14, 2019

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Repetition suppression (RS) magnitude in the Fusiform Face Area is modulated by repetition probability, suggesting expectation influences neural processes.
  • Previous studies found no such modulation for non-face stimuli, implying face-specific mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if experience with a stimulus category influences repetition probability (P(rep)) effects on RS for non-face stimuli.
  • To test P(rep) effects on RS for familiar (Roman letters) and unfamiliar (false fonts) stimuli in the human occipitotemporal cortex.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity.
  • Participants viewed upright Roman letters and unfamiliar false fonts, with varying repetition probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Significant RS was observed for both letters and false fonts in the Letter Form Area and lateral occipital complex.
  • P(rep) modulation of RS was found for Roman letters but not for false fonts.
  • This indicates stimulus-category-dependent P(rep) effects on RS.

Conclusions:

  • Repetition probability effects on RS occur for non-face stimuli but depend on prior experience.
  • This is the first evidence that prior experience shapes the influence of predictive information on RS in the human occipitotemporal cortex.