Phenotypic discrimination between thymic and extrathymic CD4-CD8- and CD4+CD8+ porcine T lymphocytes

The composition of the T lymphocyte population in swine is special in that in addition to the CD4-CD8+ subpopulations, CD4-CD8- and CD4+CD8- and CD4+CD8+ subpopulations are prominent in the peripheral circulating as well as in the resident T lymphocyte pools. Since the same phenotypes are characteristic of thymic populations, it was asked whether the unusual distribution in swine may result from an emigration of thymic precursor phenotypes to the periphery. This explanation was refuted, as all thymic subpopulations were found to express CD1, albeit with differences in antigen density, whereas all extrathymic subpopulations lack CD1. The cellular distribution of CD2 in swine is without precedent among all species studied. Whereas in sheep and cattle the extrathymic CD4-CD8- subpopulation is known to entirely lack CD2 and to have a low propensity for homing to lymphoid tissues, the CD4-CD8- subpopulation in swine splits into CD2+ and CD2- subsets, both of which do reside in lymphoid tissues. While CD2+CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes are rare in the circulating pool, this subset accumulates in spleen and lymph nodes. This may indicate a role for CD2 in homing. Thus the species swine is immunologically unique, not only because of having CD1-CD2+CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes in the periphery, but also with regard to subdivision and homing behavior of its CD4-CD8- T lymphocyte subpopulation.