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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs

High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs

Published on: August 3, 2011

Multiplex quantitative measurement of mRNAs from fixed tissue microarray sections.

Michael Armani¹, Michael Tangrea, Brian Yang

¹*Pathogenetics Unit ‡Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda †Fischell Department of Bioengineering and the Institute for Systems Research §Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD.

Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology : AIMM

|May 10, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces 2D-RT-qPCR to measure gene expression in tissue microarrays (TMAs). This method enables sensitive and accurate validation of biomarkers in clinical prostate cancer specimens.

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Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs

Probe-based Real-time PCR Approaches for Quantitative Measurement of microRNAs

Published on: April 14, 2015

Area of Science:

Biomarker discovery and validation
Molecular pathology
Cancer research

Background:

Prognostic and diagnostic biomarker development requires validation in clinical specimens.
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are commonly used for validation, often employing immunohistochemistry over technically limiting in situ hybridization.
Existing methods lack sensitive gene expression analysis capabilities on TMAs.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and demonstrate a novel method for quantitative gene expression analysis on TMAs.
To validate gene expression profiles from previous prostate cancer discovery studies.
To expand the utility of TMAs for sensitive gene expression measurements.

Main Methods:

Adaptation of 2D-RT-qPCR technology for quantitative gene expression analysis on TMAs.
Utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays.
Performing quantitative gene expression analysis while maintaining 2D positional information.

Main Results:

Successfully applied 2D-RT-qPCR to a TMA of human prostate tumor and normal samples.
Validated gene expression profiles from prior array-based prostate cancer discovery studies.
Demonstrated sensitive and accurate gene expression measurements across the TMA.

Conclusions:

2D-RT-qPCR is a powerful new method for gene expression analysis in TMAs.
This technique enhances the utility of TMAs for biomarker validation.
The method provides sensitive and accurate transcript level measurements in a spatial context.