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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Published on: July 1, 2020
Honey flavonoids inhibit Candida albicans morphogenesis by affecting DNA behavior and mitochondrial function
Barbara Canonico1, Manila Candiracci, Barbara Citterio
1Department of Earth, Life & Environmental Sciences, Urbino, Italy.
Honey extract (HFE) inhibits Candida albicans growth by affecting cell cycle and membrane integrity. HFE also improves mitochondrial function and reduces vacuolization, impacting virulence.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Mycology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Candida albicans is a pathogenic yeast known for its diverse cell morphologies.
- Understanding the mechanisms of C. albicans virulence is crucial for developing effective antifungal strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between honey extract (HFE) activity and changes in C. albicans cell cycle, morphology, and subcellular organelles.
- To determine HFE's impact on C. albicans phenotypes and virulence factors.
Main Methods:
- Anticandidal properties of HFE were assessed using flow cytometry.
- Scanning electron microscopy was employed to visualize morphological changes.
Main Results:
- HFE demonstrated inhibitory effects on C. albicans growth and reduced infection by compromising membrane integrity.
- HFE altered the cell cycle, specifically affecting hyphal transition by decreasing the G0/G1 phase and increasing the G2/M phase.
- Modifications in vacuolization and mitochondrial activity were observed during yeast-hypha transition, highlighting the role of these organelles.
Conclusions:
- HFE enhances mitochondrial functionality and reduces vacuolization, thereby modulating the hyphal branching associated with virulence.
- It is hypothesized that HFE induces significant changes in cell cycle progression, membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, and biogenesis in C. albicans.
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