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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.6K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Updated: Apr 30, 2026

Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

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Dendritic cell development requires histone deacetylase activity.

Heike Chauvistré1, Caroline Küstermann, Nina Rehage

  • 1Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|May 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors impair dendritic cell (DC) development by reducing the transcription factor PU.1. This disruption affects key DC regulators, highlighting HDACs

Keywords:
Dendritic cellsFlt3HDACHistone acetylationPU.1

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune cells originating from multipotent progenitors (MPPs).
  • MPPs differentiate into common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs), which then develop into classical DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs).
  • Histone acetylation plays a role in regulating gene expression and cellular differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of histone acetylation on dendritic cell development.
  • To determine the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in regulating DC lineage commitment and differentiation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HDAC inhibition affects DC development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in C57BL/6 mice to interfere with histone acetylation and deacetylation.
  • Performed gene expression profiling to analyze changes in gene repertoire.
  • Assessed protein levels of the transcription factor PU.1 and its recruitment to target genes.

Main Results:

  • HDAC inhibition attenuated the commitment of MPPs into CDPs and specifically blocked pDC development.
  • Gene expression profiling showed that HDAC inhibition prevented the establishment of a DC-specific gene expression profile.
  • Protein levels of PU.1 were reduced, impairing its recruitment to target genes like Flt3 and IRF8.

Conclusions:

  • HDACs are critical regulators of dendritic cell lineage commitment and development.
  • HDAC inhibition leads to reduced expression of key DC regulators, including PU.1, thereby attenuating DC development.
  • Chromatin modifiers like HDACs are essential for establishing the DC gene network, involving Flt3/STAT3 signaling and PU.1/IRF8 expression.