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Predicting and correcting ataxia using a model of cerebellar function.

Nasir H Bhanpuri1, Allison M Okamura2, Amy J Bastian3

  • 11 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA2 Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore MD, USA3 Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|May 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cerebellar damage causes ataxia by creating a mismatch in the brain's internal dynamic model. Patient-specific compensations can significantly improve movement accuracy in individuals with ataxia.

Keywords:
ataxiacerebellumcomputational modeldysmetriainternal model

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Cerebellar damage leads to ataxia, characterized by uncoordinated and dysmetric movements.
  • The cerebellum is theorized to maintain an internal dynamic model crucial for motor control.
  • A mismatch between modeled and actual body dynamics is hypothesized to cause ataxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model single-joint reaching trajectories in cerebellar patients.
  • To reproduce patient-like motor deficits in healthy controls.
  • To investigate patient-specific compensations for improving motor accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Behavioral analysis of reaching movements in patients (n=10) and controls (n=11).
  • Computational modeling to test the internal dynamic model theory of ataxia.
  • Application and evaluation of subject-specific compensatory strategies.

Main Results:

  • Reliable modeling of patient reaching trajectories was achieved.
  • Patient-like motor deficits were successfully reproduced in control subjects.
  • Patient-specific compensations led to significant improvements in reaching accuracy (P < 0.02).

Conclusions:

  • Cerebellar function is critical for maintaining accurate internal models of body dynamics.
  • Cerebellar deficits causing ataxia result from biased internal dynamic models.
  • Subject-specific compensation offers a promising avenue for treating cerebellar ataxia, even in treatment-resistant cases.