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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

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An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
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Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

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Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Isopropanol poisoning.

R J Slaughter1, R W Mason, D M G Beasley

  • 1National Poisons Centre, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.

Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|May 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) poisoning, common in children, causes CNS depression and circulatory collapse. Prompt supportive care is crucial for recovery, with hemodialysis reserved for severe cases.

Keywords:
2-PropanolComaHypotensionIPAIsopropanolIsopropyl alcoholPropan-2-olRespiratory depressionRubbing alcohol

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) is a common household chemical found in cleaners and disinfectants.
  • Unintentional exposures are frequent in young children, though fatalities are rare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of isopropanol poisoning.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of OVID MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases up to November 2013.
  • Keywords included "isopropanol" and "poisoning" variants.
  • Screening of 232 citations, with 102 deemed relevant for review.

Main Results:

  • Isopropanol is rapidly absorbed, metabolized to acetone, and primarily eliminated renally.
  • Severe poisoning presents with CNS/respiratory depression and circulatory collapse.
  • Metabolic effects include increased osmol gap, ketonemia, and ketonuria.

Conclusions:

  • Isopropanol poisoning primarily affects the CNS and respiratory system.
  • Management focuses on supportive care, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular support.
  • Hemodialysis is indicated for severe, life-threatening poisonings to enhance elimination.