Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

7.7K
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
7.7K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

870
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
870
Generating Electromagnetic Radiations01:10

Generating Electromagnetic Radiations

8.7K
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. Starting in 1887, he performed a series of experiments that confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves and verified that they travel at the speed of light. Hertz used an alternating-current RLC (resistor-inductor-capacitor) circuit that resonated at a known frequency and connected it to a loop of wire. High voltages induced across the gap in...
8.7K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

21.5K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
21.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electron-ion equilibration in superheated gold.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Superheating gold beyond the predicted entropy catastrophe threshold.

Nature·2025
Same author

Ultrafast Suppression of the Ferroelectric Instability in KTaO_{3}.

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Structural changes across thermodynamic maxima in supercooled liquid tellurium: A water-like scenario.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

Erratum: Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 015703 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2022
Same author

Direct Observation of Coherent Longitudinal and Shear Acoustic Phonons in TaAs Using Ultrafast X-Ray Diffraction.

Physical review letters·2022
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 30, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
10:17

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Published on: July 12, 2017

12.3K

X-ray second harmonic generation.

S Shwartz1, M Fuchs2, J B Hastings3

  • 1Physics Department and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel and Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers observed second harmonic generation using hard x-rays in diamond. This nonlinear x-ray process is 10 times stronger than background radiation and occurs at high intensities, paving the way for future experiments.

More Related Videos

Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for Studying Cellular Metabolism
04:47

Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for Studying Cellular Metabolism

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.2K
Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy
09:19

Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy

Published on: August 29, 2025

706

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 30, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
10:17

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

Published on: July 12, 2017

12.3K
Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for Studying Cellular Metabolism
04:47

Multimodal Optical Imaging Platform for Studying Cellular Metabolism

Published on: June 6, 2025

1.2K
Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy
09:19

Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy

Published on: August 29, 2025

706

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state physics
  • Nonlinear optics
  • X-ray science

Background:

  • Nonlinear optical processes are typically studied at lower frequencies.
  • Exploring nonlinear phenomena at x-ray wavelengths presents significant experimental challenges.
  • Free electron lasers (FELs) provide high-intensity coherent radiation necessary for such studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate second harmonic generation (SHG) at hard x-ray wavelengths.
  • To investigate the characteristics of SHG in crystalline materials using intense x-ray sources.
  • To establish the feasibility of observing nonlinear x-ray processes at high pump intensities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a free electron laser (FEL) to generate a 1.7 Å pumping beam.
  • Employing diamond as the nonlinear medium for x-ray generation.
  • Measuring the generated second harmonic signal and its dependence on pump parameters.

Main Results:

  • Clear experimental evidence of second harmonic generation at hard x-ray wavelengths was obtained.
  • The generated second harmonic signal was approximately 10 times stronger than the background radiation.
  • The SHG signal exhibited a quadratic dependence on pump pulse energy and required narrow phase-matching conditions.
  • Successful observation was achieved at pump intensities exceeding 10^16 W/cm^2.

Conclusions:

  • Second harmonic generation is experimentally confirmed at hard x-ray wavelengths in diamond.
  • High-intensity FELs enable the study of nonlinear x-ray optics in crystalline solids.
  • The demonstrated intensity regime opens avenues for exploring novel nonlinear x-ray phenomena.