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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
07:26

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Published on: October 7, 2013

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Erratum: Using Diffuse Scattering to Observe X-Ray-Driven Nonthermal Melting [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 015703 (2021)].

N J Hartley, J Grenzer, L Huang

    Physical Review Letters
    |May 6, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study corrects a previously published article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015703. The correction ensures the accuracy and integrity of the scientific record.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Scientific Publishing

    Context:

    • Ensuring the accuracy of scientific literature is crucial for reliable research.
    • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for uniquely identifying scholarly articles.

    Purpose:

    • To provide a formal correction to a specific article identified by its DOI.
    • To maintain the integrity and retrievability of scientific publications.

    Summary:

    • This entry serves as a correction notice for the article with DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.015703.
    • The correction aims to rectify any errors or inaccuracies present in the original publication.

    Impact:

    • Upholds the standards of scientific accuracy and transparency.
    • Facilitates correct citation and referencing by the scientific community.
    • Ensures researchers can rely on the corrected information for future work.