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Isotachophoretic preconcenetration on paper-based microfluidic devices.

Babak Y Moghadam1, Kelly T Connelly, Jonathan D Posner

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|May 15, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating isotachophoresis (ITP) with paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) significantly enhances diagnostic sensitivity. This novel approach improves preconcentration for detecting low analyte concentrations in complex samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Paper-based microfluidic devices, particularly lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA), are widely used for point-of-care diagnostics due to their robustness and ease of use.
  • However, traditional paper-based LFIA often struggle with sample preparation, limiting their effectiveness for complex samples with low analyte concentrations.
  • Isotachophoresis (ITP) is an established electrokinetic technique for preconcentrating and separating ionic compounds, typically used in capillary microfluidics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the integration of isotachophoresis (ITP) onto nitrocellulose-based paper microfluidic devices.
  • To enhance the limit of detection (LOD) of paper-based lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) by incorporating ITP for sample preconcentration and extraction.
  • To address challenges of Joule heating and evaporation in paper-based ITP for improved performance in portable diagnostic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Developed novel cross-shaped paper microfluidic device structures on nitrocellulose membranes to mitigate evaporation and maintain hydration.
  • Integrated isotachophoresis (ITP) as an electrokinetic preconcentration and extraction technique within the paper-based microfluidic platform.
  • Utilized a small button battery for powering the ITP process, demonstrating potential for portable applications.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant preconcentration of analytes on nitrocellulose paper, with up to a 900-fold increase in initial sample concentration.
  • Demonstrated efficient sample extraction, achieving up to 60% extraction from 100 μL samples and over 80% from smaller volumes.
  • Successfully mitigated evaporation-induced dispersion using specialized cross-shaped device designs, enabling stable ITP operation.

Conclusions:

  • ITP can be effectively integrated onto nitrocellulose paper microfluidic devices for enhanced sample preparation.
  • This integrated approach significantly improves the sensitivity of paper-based LFIA, making it suitable for detecting low analyte concentrations in complex biological samples.
  • The demonstrated portability and efficiency highlight the potential of paper-based ITP-LFIA for advanced point-of-care diagnostics.