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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Negative outcome Charles Bonnet syndrome.

Thomas M Cox1, Dominic H ffytche1

  • 1Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) can last years and negatively impact a third of patients. Understanding factors like hallucination fear and lack of knowledge is key to improving outcomes for Charles Bonnet Syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is often viewed as temporary with no lasting effects.
  • However, some individuals experience significant negative outcomes from CBS.
  • This study investigates the factors contributing to adverse CBS experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To better understand the negative outcomes associated with Charles Bonnet Syndrome.
  • To identify factors that influence the severity and impact of CBS.
  • To challenge the perception of CBS as a transient, inconsequential condition.

Main Methods:

  • A structured questionnaire was distributed to 4000 members of the Macular Society.
  • The survey collected data on CBS phenomenology, prognosis, impact, and patient awareness.
Keywords:
EpidemiologyMaculaVisual perception

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  • 492 individuals with CBS were identified for analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • 75% of individuals experienced CBS for 5 years or longer.
    • 32% of participants reported negative outcomes from CBS.
    • Factors linked to negative outcomes included frequent, fear-inducing hallucinations, impact on daily activities, misattributing symptoms to mental illness, and lack of initial knowledge about CBS.

    Conclusions:

    • Charles Bonnet Syndrome often persists longer than previously thought and affects one-third of patients clinically.
    • Interventions should focus on reducing hallucination frequency, duration, and fear.
    • Educating patients about CBS at symptom onset may mitigate negative consequences.