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Biomarkers in cardiorenal syndromes
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
Summary
Early detection of cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) is crucial. This review details cardiac and renal biomarkers, including new options, for diagnosing and managing CRS, paving the way for personalized treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Biomarker Research
Background:
- Cardiac and renal diseases frequently coexist, leading to high morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiorenal syndromes (CRS).
- CRS describes heart and kidney dysfunction where one organ's failure impacts the other.
- Five CRS subtypes are defined, highlighting the need for early detection and monitoring.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diagnostic and management roles of serum and urine biomarkers in cardiorenal syndromes (CRS).
- To discuss established and novel biomarkers for CRS, including cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, urine albumin, creatinine, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
- To explore recent advances in assay methods, clinical studies, and guideline recommendations for CRS biomarker utilization.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of established and emerging biomarkers for cardiorenal syndromes (CRS).
- Analysis of current diagnostic and monitoring strategies utilizing cardiac and renal biomarkers.
- Discussion of recent clinical studies and guideline recommendations pertaining to biomarker use in CRS.
Main Results:
- Established biomarkers like cardiac troponins, natriuretic peptides, urine albumin, and creatinine are vital for CRS management.
- Emerging renal biomarkers, including cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, show promise for early acute kidney injury detection in CRS.
- Advances in assay technologies and clinical research are refining the application of these biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Biomarkers are essential for diagnosing and monitoring cardiorenal syndromes (CRS).
- A multimarker approach may enable precise diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies for CRS patients in the future.
- Continued research into novel biomarkers will enhance the management and prognosis of cardiorenal syndromes.
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