Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Electron Behavior01:09

Electron Behavior

10.5K
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...
10.5K
Electron Behavior00:54

Electron Behavior

82.5K
Overview
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the...
82.5K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

48.7K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
48.7K
Sources and Properties of Electric Charge01:15

Sources and Properties of Electric Charge

10.8K
All objects we see around us consist of atoms, which combine to form molecules. The lightest element in the universe is hydrogen, and a hydrogen atom consists of a positively charged proton and a negatively charged electron. The magnitude of charge that a proton and an electron carry are the same, and it is the fundamental unit of charge. In SI units, it is 1.602 times 10-19 coulomb.
Most atoms additionally constitute another fundamental particle, the neutron. It carries no electrical charge. A...
10.8K
Lewis Structures and Formal Charges02:19

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

17.2K
Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. The periodic table can be used to predict the number of valence electrons in an atom and the number of bonds that will be formed to reach an octet. Group 18 elements, such as argon and helium, have filled electron configurations and thus rarely participate in chemical bonding. However, atoms from group 17, such as...
17.2K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

22.6K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
22.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measurement of Hyperfine Structure and the Zemach Radius in ^{6}Li^{+} Using Optical Ramsey Technique.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Measurement of a helium tune-out frequency: an independent test of quantum electrodynamics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same author

Precision Calculation of Hyperfine Structure and the Zemach Radii of ^{6,7}Li^{+} Ions.

Physical review letters·2020
Same author

Tissue Engineered Human Amniotic Membrane Application in Mouse Ovarian Follicular Culture.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2017
Same author

Effects of Quercetin on Adiponectin-Mediated Insulin Sensitivity in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2016
Same author

Posture and movement in very preterm infants at term age in and outside the nest.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2015
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.0K

Critical nuclear charge for two-electron atoms.

C S Estienne1, M Busuttil2, A Moini2

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|May 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers resolved a critical nuclear charge (Z(c)) disagreement using high-precision calculations. The study found Z(c) = 0.911,028,224,077,255,73(4), confirming previous results and explaining electron behavior near resonance.

More Related Videos

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

7.5K
Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
08:54

Vibrational Spectra of a N719-Chromophore/Titania Interface from Empirical-Potential Molecular-Dynamics Simulation, Solvated by a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

Published on: January 25, 2020

5.0K
Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

7.5K
Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
16:11

Thermochemical Studies of NiII and ZnII Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 8, 2022

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum chemistry

Background:

  • Discrepancies exist in calculated values for the critical nuclear charge (Z(c)) in heliumlike atoms.
  • Previous calculations and 1/Z expansion methods yielded conflicting results for Z(c).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To resolve the disagreement regarding the critical nuclear charge (Z(c)) for heliumlike atoms.
  • To perform high-precision calculations to determine Z(c) accurately.

Main Methods:

  • Employed high-precision variational calculations utilizing Hylleraas coordinates.
  • Utilized a double basis set method for improved convergence near Z(c).
  • Applied the Hellmann-Feynman theorem to determine Z(c).

Main Results:

  • Determined the critical nuclear charge Z(c) = 0.911,028,224,077,255,73(4).
  • Obtained 1/Z(c) = 1.097,660,833,738,559,80(5), agreeing with Baker et al. (1990).
  • Observed that the outer electron remains localized near the nucleus at Z(c), transitioning smoothly into a shape resonance for Z

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully resolved the long-standing disagreement in Z(c) calculations.
  • A qualitative polarization potential was proposed to explain the observed resonance phenomenon.
  • Calculated the radial distribution function for electron density, providing insights into electron localization.