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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Long-range spin transfer in triple quantum dots.

R Sánchez1, G Granger2, L Gaudreau3

  • 1Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|May 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-range electron tunneling was observed in a three-quantum dot system. A delocalized electron acts as a quantum bus, transferring spin between distant quantum dots, enabling spin selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Quantum tunneling typically involves nearest-neighbor interactions.
  • Long-range quantum coherent transport is crucial for quantum information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and observe long-range transitions in quantum transport.
  • To demonstrate a single electron delocalized across multiple quantum dots.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and transport measurements of serially coupled quantum dots.
  • Utilizing quantum coherent effects and electron delocalization.
  • Observing narrow resonances insensitive to Pauli spin blockade.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated long-range electron tunneling between distant quantum dots.
  • Observed a single electron delocalized between the outer quantum dots, with the center dot empty.
  • Showcased the delocalized electron acting as a quantum bus for spin transfer.
  • Enabled spin selection through spin correlations and observed narrow resonances.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum transport is not limited to nearest-neighbor interactions.
  • A delocalized electron can mediate long-range spin transfer in quantum coherent structures.
  • This mechanism offers potential for novel quantum information processing applications.