Pulmonary vascular function in insulin resistance and diabetes
Javier Moral-Sanz, Laura Moreno, Angel Cogolludo
1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, 28040 Madrid. Spain. fperez@med.ucm.es.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
|May 22, 2014
Summary
Insulin resistance and diabetes impact lung circulation, potentially leading to pulmonary hypertension. Understanding these effects is crucial for managing metabolic diseases and their cardiovascular complications.
Area of Science:
- Metabolic disease research
- Cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine
Background:
- Insulin resistance and diabetes are prevalent global health issues.
- Cardiovascular complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients.
- Pulmonary effects of insulin resistance and diabetes are often overlooked.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on the impact of insulin resistance and diabetes on the pulmonary circulation.
- To highlight the link between metabolic derangements and pulmonary vascular disease.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological and experimental data.
- Synthesis of existing research on insulin resistance, diabetes, and pulmonary circulation.
Main Results:
- Hemodynamic changes in uncontrolled diabetes/insulin resistance predispose to early pulmonary alterations.
- These alterations, with a second hit, may accelerate pulmonary vascular disease and hypertension.
- Growing evidence links diabetes with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Conclusions:
- The pulmonary circulation is an underappreciated territory affected by insulin resistance and diabetes.
- Early pulmonary changes may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension in these conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Vascular Resistance
14.1K
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
14.1K
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
27
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
27
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
75
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
75
01:20Pathophysiology of Diabetes
3.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.9K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
4.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
4.9K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
10.4K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
10.4K