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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA expression profiling of the developing murine upper lip.

Dennis R Warner1, Partha Mukhopadhyay, Guy Brock

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville Birth Defects Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

Development, Growth & Differentiation
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic regulation of lip development is crucial. This study identified key microRNAs, including the Let-7 and microRNA-302/367 families, dynamically expressed during upper lip formation in mice, offering insights into cleft lip causes.

Keywords:
cleft lipcraniofacial developmentmicroRNAmousep63

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects with unknown epigenetic causes.
  • Genetic and environmental factors are implicated, but the role of microRNAs is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNAs in the epigenetic mechanisms underlying upper lip development.
  • To identify specific microRNAs dynamically expressed during early facial development in mice.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 600 microRNAs in murine medial nasal and maxillary processes (GD10.0-GD11.5).
  • Spatial expression analysis using in situ hybridization for selected microRNAs.
  • Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs and their potential mRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • 142 microRNAs were differentially expressed in medial nasal processes and 66 in maxillary processes.
  • Five members of the Let-7 family showed the largest percent increase in expression.
  • Members of the microRNA-302/367 family showed the greatest decrease in expression.
  • microRNA-199a-3p and Let-7i were widely expressed, while microRNA-203 expression was more limited.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are dynamically expressed during upper lip development.
  • Identified microRNAs target mRNAs crucial for lip formation, including p63 isoforms.
  • Further integration with proteomic data will enhance understanding of epigenetic regulation in cleft lip etiology.