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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

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In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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NMR Spectroscopy of Aromatic Compounds01:14

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Aromatic compounds can be identified or analyzed using proton NMR and carbon‐13 NMR. Typically, aromatic hydrogens or hydrogens directly bonded to the aromatic rings are strongly deshielded by the aromatic ring current. Therefore, they absorb in the range of 6.5–8.0 ppm in proton NMR spectra. For instance, aromatic hydrogens directly bonded to the benzene ring absorb at 7.3 ppm. However, aromatic hydrogens of larger rings absorb farther upfield or downfield than the ideal range.
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview01:16

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Overview

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In an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, an electrophile substitutes for a hydrogen of an aromatic compound.
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

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Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
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Employing Pressurized Hot Water Extraction PHWE to Explore Natural Products Chemistry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
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An elective course in aromatherapy science.

Emily R Esposito1, Mary V Bystrek1, JoAnn S Klein2

  • 1College of Pharmacy, Sullivan University, Louisville, Kentucky.

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|May 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new aromatherapy course improved pharmacy students' knowledge of essential oils, their uses, and potential drug interactions. This education enhances their confidence in discussing alternative medicine and its clinical implications.

Keywords:
active learningaromatherapyelective coursepharmaceutical sciences

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Area of Science:

  • Integrative Pharmacy and Complementary Medicine
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences Education

Background:

  • Growing interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) necessitates pharmacist education in areas like aromatherapy.
  • Pharmacy curricula often lack comprehensive training in the scientific principles and clinical applications of aromatherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of a novel, team-taught elective course on aromatherapy for second-year (P2) pharmacy students.
  • To evaluate the impact on student knowledge and skills regarding the intersection of aromatherapy and pharmacy practice.

Main Methods:

  • An Aromatherapy Science elective was implemented for P2 students in an accelerated Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) program.
  • The course emphasized active learning strategies, including group work, student-led presentations, and in-class activities.
  • Lectures integrated aromatherapy principles with core basic and pharmaceutical science concepts.

Main Results:

  • Student evaluations, grades, and self-assessments indicated significant knowledge gain and course satisfaction.
  • Participants reported enhanced confidence in understanding essential oil uses, drug interactions, and clinical implications.
  • The course was perceived as integrating pharmaceutical sciences and enriching the overall pharmacy education.

Conclusions:

  • Students felt well-prepared to identify therapeutic uses of essential oils and potential drug interactions.
  • The course improved students' ability to critically interpret aromatherapy-related literature.
  • Integrating aromatherapy education prepares future pharmacists to advise on alternative medicines effectively.