Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis: multiparametric MRI appearances.

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Radiology
• Pathology

Background:

• Granulomatous prostatitis is uncommon; xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (XGP) is an exceptionally rare subtype.
• Published case reports on XGP are scarce, with limited information on its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the distinct MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) characteristics of two XGP cases presenting with abscess.
• To contribute novel imaging findings to the limited literature on XGP.

Main Methods:

• Case presentation of two patients diagnosed with XGP.
• Detailed analysis of imaging findings, including conventional MRI sequences, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and MRS.

Main Results:

• The two XGP cases exhibited unique imaging appearances, differing from previously reported cases.
• Both cases were associated with abscess formation.
• Novel DCE-MRI and MRS characteristics of XGP were identified and are presented.

Conclusions:

• XGP is a rare entity with variable imaging presentations.
• The addition of abscess and novel imaging features expands the understanding of XGP.
• This study highlights the utility of advanced MRI techniques in characterizing rare prostatic inflammatory conditions.