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Related Concept Videos

Drying Shrinkage01:21

Drying Shrinkage

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When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

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Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
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Setting Time of Cement01:12

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The setting time of cement refers to the process of cement paste transitioning from a plastic state to a solid state. This process is crucial in construction as it dictates the timeframe for concrete placement, compaction, and finishing. The onset of this solidification is termed the initial set, indicating when the paste becomes unworkable. The final set is when the paste has solidified completely, and further handling or manipulation can no longer affect its shape. The cement strength is...
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The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...
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Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
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Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
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Elapsed time for crack formation during drying.

F Giorgiutti-Dauphiné1, L Pauchard

  • 1CNRS, F-91405, Lab FAST, Bat 502, Campus Univ, Univ Paris-Sud, F-91405, Orsay, France.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|May 24, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drying colloidal films causes cracks that form ordered patterns. The timing of crack formation reveals the material's elastic properties and drying speed.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Drying colloidal films often results in mechanical instabilities, leading to non-uniform deposits.
  • The observed crack patterns serve as indicators of mechanical stress and system consolidation during drying.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the crack patterns formed during the drying of sessile drops of concentrated dispersions.
  • To understand the relationship between crack formation, mechanical properties, and drying kinetics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of crack patterns in drying sessile drops.
  • Quantitative mechanical property measurements using indentation testing.
  • Development of a scaling law based on poro-elastic theory.

Main Results:

  • Crack patterns exhibit distinct spatial order and temporal periodicity.
  • The onset of cracking occurs after a predictable time, influenced by gel properties and drying rate.
  • The time to crack formation correlates with the material's elastic properties.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into the mechanical instabilities during colloidal film drying.
  • Crack pattern analysis offers a method to estimate material elastic properties.
  • Poro-elastic theory can explain the observed cracking phenomena and timing.