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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

Published on: May 10, 2019

Anoctamin 1 expression in the mouse auditory brainstem.

Sang Jae Cho¹, Ji Hyun Jeon, Do Ill Chun

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.

Cell and Tissue Research

|May 24, 2014

Summary

Anoctamin 1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC), is widely expressed in the adult mouse brain. It is specifically localized to presynaptic terminals in auditory brainstem nuclei, suggesting a role in auditory signal transmission.

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Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Data Acquisition and Analysis In Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry In Mice

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Published on: May 10, 2019

Selective Tracing of Auditory Fibers in the Avian Embryonic Vestibulocochlear Nerve

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Published on: March 18, 2013

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis

Dissection of the Auditory Bulla in Postnatal Mice: Isolation of the Middle Ear Bones and Histological Analysis

Published on: January 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Physiology

Background:

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are crucial for physiological functions, including fluid movement.
Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) is a recently identified CaCC expressed in secretory epithelia and nervous tissues.
Limited data exist on CaCC expression, function, and localization within the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distribution, expression, and localization of ANO1 in the adult mouse brain.
To determine the potential role of ANO1 in auditory neurotransmission.

Main Methods:

Reverse transcriptase plus polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for gene expression analysis.
Western blot for protein expression analysis.
Immunohistochemistry and double-labeling for cellular and subcellular localization.

Main Results:

ANO1 is widely distributed throughout the adult mouse brain.
Strong ANO1 expression was observed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN).
ANO1 was exclusively localized to presynaptic terminals in the MNTB and AVCN.

Conclusions:

ANO1 is predominantly localized at presynaptic terminals in the brain, particularly in auditory nuclei.
ANO1 may play a significant role in high-frequency synaptic transmission within the auditory system.