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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Neurocognitive risk in children with cochlear implants.

William G Kronenberger1, Jessica Beer2, Irina Castellanos2

  • 1Riley Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis.

JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck Surgery
|May 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with cochlear implants (CIs) face a 2-5 times higher risk of executive functioning deficits compared to children with normal hearing. Early screening for these deficits is crucial for children with CIs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Cochlear implants (CIs) enable spoken language development in children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss.
  • However, altered auditory experiences post-CI may impact neurocognitive development, particularly executive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the relative risk of clinically significant executive functioning deficits in children with CIs versus children with normal hearing (NH).

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 73 children with CIs and 78 children with NH, aged 3-17 years.
  • Parent-reported checklists assessed executive functioning in domains including memory, attention, and problem-solving.
  • Participants had average to above-average nonverbal IQ and no other diagnosed developmental or neurological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Children with CIs exhibited 2-5 times greater risk for executive functioning deficits across most domains compared to NH peers.
  • The highest risks were observed in comprehension, factual memory, attention, sequential processing, and novel problem-solving.
  • No significant differences were found in visual-spatial organization between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial number of children with CIs are at elevated risk for executive functioning deficits.
  • Routine screening for executive functioning deficits should be integrated into the clinical care of all children with deafness and CIs.