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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of...
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
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Assessing speech dysfunction using BOLD and acoustic analysis in parkinsonism.

Mohit Saxena1, Madhuri Behari1, S Senthil Kumaran2

  • 1Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Speech dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD), MSA, and PSP affects intelligibility. Acoustic analysis and BOLD imaging reveal distinct patterns that may aid in differentiating these conditions.

Keywords:
ArticulationBOLDMultiple system atrophyParkinson's diseaseProgressive supranuclear palsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Science
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Parkinsonism, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), often presents with speech dysfunction affecting articulation, phonation, and resonance.
  • Impaired speech intelligibility in these conditions stems from articulatory imprecision, syllable repetition, and oropharyngeal tremors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate acoustic characteristics of speech production in patients with PD, MSA, and PSP.
  • To correlate acoustic parameters with brain activity (BOLD activation) during voice and speech tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) BOLD studies were performed on 108 subjects (29 PD, 20 MSA, 19 PSP, 40 controls) using a 1.5 T scanner.
  • Subjects read Hindi words aloud; voice samples were analyzed for acoustic parameters like formant frequencies and voice onset time (VOT).
  • Correlation between BOLD activation in brain regions and acoustic parameters was evaluated.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited significantly reduced voice intensity and delayed VOTs compared to controls.
  • Nasal consonants showed significant alterations in all acoustic parameters.
  • BOLD activation in the primary motor cortex correlated positively with VOTs, and F2 formants correlated with supplementary motor area activation.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct acoustic profiles for various stop consonants were observed in patients with parkinsonian disorders.
  • These acoustic differences hold potential for differentiating between PD, MSA, and PSP.