Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
Published on: April 23, 2014
[Development and validity of workplace bullying in nursing-type inventory (WPBN-TI)]
1Department of Nursing, JEI University, Incheon, Korea.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess bullying of nurses, and test the validity and reliability of the instrument.
Methods:
The initial thirty items of WPBN-TI were identified through a review of the literature on types bullying related to nursing and in-depth interviews with 14 nurses who experienced bullying at work. Sixteen items were developed through 2 content validity tests by 9 experts and 10 nurses. The final WPBN-TI instrument was evaluated by 458 nurses from five general hospitals in the Incheon metropolitan area. SPSS 18.0 program was used to assess the instrument based on internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity.
Results:
WPBN-TI consisted of 16 items with three distinct factors (verbal and nonverbal bullying, work-related bullying, and external threats), which explained 60.3% of the total variance. The convergent validity and determinant validity for WPBN-TI were 100.0%, 89.7%, respectively. Known-groups validity of WPBN-TI was proven through the mean difference between subjective perception of bullying. The satisfied criterion validity for WPBN-TI was more than .70. The reliability of WPBN-TI was Cronbach's α of .91.
Conclusions:
WPBN-TI with high validity and reliability is suitable to determine types of bullying in nursing workplace.
Related Concept Videos
Bullying
Nurses' Legal Responsibilities III
Cultivating a culture of collaboration and mutual respect among nurses transcends mere enhancement...
Self-Report Tests of Personality
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...
Data Validation
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I
There are thirteen domains...
