Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

5.5K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
5.5K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

11.3K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
11.3K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

8.9K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
8.9K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

9.0K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
9.0K
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

6.1K
The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
6.1K
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

3.4K
The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
3.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complications Following Congenital Hand and Upper Limb Surgery: Lessons From the CoULD Registry.

The Journal of hand surgery·2026
Same author

The CoULD Ulnar Polydactyly Classification: A Multicenter Analysis.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2025
Same author

Unveiling the Upper-Extremity Morbidities of Utility-Terrain Vehicles in Pediatric Riders.

Journal of hand surgery global online·2025
Same author

Enhancing neuroprosthesis calibration: the advantage of integrating prior training over exclusive use of new data.

Journal of neural engineering·2024
Same author

Regenerative Variability of Human Juvenile Chondrocyte Sheets From Different Cell Donors in an Athymic Rat Knee Chondral Defect Model.

Cartilage·2024
Same author

Biohybrid Robotic Hand to Investigate Tactile Encoding and Sensorimotor Integration.

Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same journal

Dementia as a Marker of Poor Outcome After Hip Hemiarthroplasty.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Fix or Replace: Evidence for Treatment Options in the Management of Femoral Neck Fractures.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Epidemiology, Treatment Patterns, and Comorbidities of Trigger Finger: A Contemporary Population-Based Analysis.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Posterior Approaches to Pilon Fractures: Considerations, Indications, and Outcomes.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Effect of Season on Patient-reported Outcomes and Discharge Disposition in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
Same journal

Impact of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Alert Resolution on Motor Deficits and Short-Term Outcomes After Spine Fusion.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
09:14

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Published on: September 28, 2019

14.3K

The quest for the bionic arm.

Douglas T Hutchinson1

  • 1From the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|May 27, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are developing advanced upper extremity prosthetics for near-normal function. Key challenges include reliable signal acquisition from nerve or muscle inputs for a truly bionic arm.

More Related Videos

The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II
08:23

The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II

Published on: August 14, 2017

15.4K
Brain-Computer Interface-controlled Upper Limb Robotic System for Enhancing Daily Activities in Stroke Patients
06:11

Brain-Computer Interface-controlled Upper Limb Robotic System for Enhancing Daily Activities in Stroke Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction
09:14

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

Published on: September 28, 2019

14.3K
The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II
08:23

The Bionic Clicker Mark I & II

Published on: August 14, 2017

15.4K
Brain-Computer Interface-controlled Upper Limb Robotic System for Enhancing Daily Activities in Stroke Patients
06:11

Brain-Computer Interface-controlled Upper Limb Robotic System for Enhancing Daily Activities in Stroke Patients

Published on: April 18, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroprosthetics
  • Rehabilitation Technology

Background:

  • Current research aims to create advanced upper extremity prosthetics.
  • The goal is to restore near-normal motor and sensory function for amputees.
  • Significant challenges remain in achieving a fully functional bionic arm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of research in upper extremity prosthetic devices.
  • To identify the primary hurdles in developing advanced prosthetic arms.
  • To discuss methods for signal acquisition for prosthetic control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current advancements in upper extremity prosthetics.
  • Analysis of challenges in achieving integrated motor and sensory function.
  • Exploration of signal acquisition techniques via nerve or muscle inputs.

Main Results:

  • Rapid advancements are being made in prosthetic technology.
  • Hurdles persist in creating a complete, functional bionic arm.
  • Signal acquisition methods require further development, including wireless or implanted solutions.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving a near-normal bionic arm requires overcoming significant technological barriers.
  • Reliable signal acquisition from the peripheral nerve is a critical, yet undetermined, factor.
  • Future research must focus on robust interfaces for seamless prosthetic control.