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Related Concept Videos

Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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Current Growth And Decay In RL Circuits01:30

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The current growth and decay in RL circuits can be understood by considering a series RL circuit consisting of a resistor, an inductor, a constant source of emf, and two switches. When the first switch is closed, the circuit is equivalent to a single-loop circuit consisting of a resistor and an inductor connected to a source of emf. In this case, the source of emf produces a current in the circuit. If there were no self-inductance in the circuit, the current would rise immediately to a steady...
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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
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Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

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Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
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In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
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Forced Oscillations01:06

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When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Oscillations, networks, and their development: MEG connectivity changes with age.

Carmen B Schäfer1, Benjamin R Morgan, Annette X Ye

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.

Human Brain Mapping
|May 28, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Resting-state network (RSN) connectivity shows age-related increases in alpha and beta frequencies. This study reveals developing brain integration within and between RSNs from childhood to adulthood using magnetoencephalography.

Keywords:
alpha-bandbeta-banddevelopmentfunctional connectivityfunctional magnetic resonance imagingmagnetoencephalographyneural networkneural oscillationsneural synchronyresting-state networks

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • Resting-state networks (RSNs) organization and neurophysiology are increasingly studied using magnetoencephalography (MEG) amplitude correlations.
  • Previous research shows adult RSNs exhibit prominent alpha and beta frequency correlations congruent with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) topologies.
  • Limited knowledge exists regarding the developmental trajectory of oscillatory connectivity within RSNs during childhood and adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the maturation of resting-state amplitude correlations within and among RSNs across childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.
  • To utilize a novel fMRI-guided MEG approach to examine developmental changes in neurophysiological connectivity.
  • To identify age-related changes in specific frequency bands (alpha and beta) within and between RSNs.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a novel fMRI-guided magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach.
  • Analyzed resting-state amplitude correlations in six identified RSNs.
  • Studied 59 participants aged 6-34 years, focusing on alpha and beta frequency bands.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant age-related increases in inter-regional amplitude correlations, particularly prominent in alpha and beta frequency bands.
  • These developmental increases in connectivity were detected both within individual RSNs and between different RSNs.
  • Findings contrast with some previous fMRI reports, highlighting the unique insights provided by MEG in this developmental context.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of developmental changes in spontaneous neurophysiological connectivity within source-resolved RSNs.
  • Results indicate a progressive increase in the integration of intrinsic functional brain networks throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood.
  • The findings underscore the importance of oscillatory dynamics in understanding brain maturation and network development.