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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Metastasis

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

Published on: January 7, 2019

Microenvironment and multiple myeloma spread.

Domenico Ribatti¹, Michele Moschetta², Angelo Vacca²

¹Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy, National Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.

Thrombosis Research

|May 28, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The bone marrow vascular niche promotes multiple myeloma (MM) growth. Endothelial cells in this niche release signals that enhance tumor progression and spread in MM patients.

Keywords:

Angiogenesis Endothelial cells Multiple myeloma Tumor microenvironment

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Multimodal Bioluminescent and Positronic-emission Tomography/Computational Tomography Imaging of Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Xenografts in NOG Mice

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Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Establishment of a Human Multiple Myeloma Xenograft Model in the Chicken to Study Tumor Growth, Invasion and Angiogenesis

Published on: May 1, 2015

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment harbors specialized niches supporting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other cell types.
The vascular niche, rich in blood vessels, influences stem and progenitor cell behavior.
Angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines can alter the vascular niche to promote multiple myeloma (MM) progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms by which endothelial cells in the vascular niche generate signals that promote MM tumor growth and spread.
To understand the role of the vascular niche in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on the BM microenvironment, vascular niche, and multiple myeloma.
Analysis of signaling pathways involving endothelial cells, angiogenic factors, and inflammatory cytokines in MM.

Main Results:

Endothelial cells within the vascular niche play a critical role in MM progression.
The vessel wall acts as a niche for HSCs, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
Activation of the vascular niche by specific factors promotes MM cell proliferation, survival, and dissemination.

Conclusions:

The vascular niche is a key regulator of MM tumor growth and spread.
Targeting endothelial cell signaling within the vascular niche may offer novel therapeutic strategies for MM.
Further research into the intricate interactions within the BM microenvironment is crucial for MM treatment.