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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
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Early Pathological and Magnetic Resonance Detection of Cerebral Injury Using a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy

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Hypothermia and neonatal encephalopathy.

, Lu-Ann Papile, Jill E Baley

    Pediatrics
    |May 28, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Therapeutic hypothermia effectively treats neonatal encephalopathy in infants. Specialized centers should collaborate with community hospitals to improve early identification and management of affected newborns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatology
    • Pediatric Neurology
    • Therapeutic Interventions

    Background:

    • Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a serious condition affecting newborns.
    • Current data suggest therapeutic hypothermia is a viable treatment.
    • Effective management requires specialized care centers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the evidence for therapeutic hypothermia in NE.
    • To outline criteria for infant selection and implementation of cooling therapy.
    • To emphasize the importance of collaboration between specialized centers and community hospitals.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of data from large randomized clinical trials.
    • Review of established criteria for patient selection.
    • Guidelines for implementation in specialized medical facilities.

    Main Results:

    • Therapeutic hypothermia, including selective head cooling and systemic cooling, is effective for NE.
    • Infant selection must adhere to specific clinical trial criteria.
    • Implementation requires centers equipped for complex pediatric care.

    Conclusions:

    • Therapeutic hypothermia is a proven effective treatment for neonatal encephalopathy.
    • Careful patient selection and specialized facility management are crucial.
    • Enhanced collaboration and education between hospitals can improve NE care.