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Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the...

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

Published on: January 26, 2024

Hyperglycemia, a neglected factor during cancer progression.

Wanxing Duan¹, Xin Shen², Jianjun Lei¹

¹Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.

Biomed Research International

|May 28, 2014

Summary

High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes (DM2) may fuel cancer growth and resistance to treatment. Controlling hyperglycemia is crucial for cancer patients with diabetes.

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Last Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

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Published on: January 26, 2024

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

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Published on: June 11, 2012

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Metabolic Syndrome

Background:

Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is linked to increased cancer incidence.
The underlying mechanisms connecting DM2 and cancer remain largely unclear.
Hyperglycemia is a key feature of diabetes with potential oncogenic roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the role of hyperglycemia in cancer progression and treatment.
To investigate how hyperglycemia influences cancer cell malignancy and drug resistance.
To highlight the therapeutic implications of glycemic control in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

Review of recent evidence from large cohort studies.
Analysis of the biological mechanisms linking hyperglycemia to cancer.
Discussion of the impact of hyperglycemia on cancer cell phenotype and treatment response.

Main Results:

Hyperglycemia may promote a more malignant cancer cell phenotype.
Elevated glucose levels can contribute to apoptosis resistance and oncogenesis.
Hyperglycemia is associated with increased tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy.

Conclusions:

Hyperglycemia plays a significant role in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
Controlling hyperglycemia is essential for improving outcomes in cancer patients with diabetes.
Further research is warranted to fully understand and target the hyperglycemia-cancer axis.