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Marital interaction and satisfaction: a longitudinal view.

J M Gottman, L J Krokoff

    Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
    |February 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Marital conflict resolution behaviors predict satisfaction differently short-term versus long-term. Some negative interactions may improve marital satisfaction over time, while defensiveness, stubbornness, and withdrawal predict decline.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Family Studies
    • Social Science

    Background:

    • Marital satisfaction is crucial for relationship health.
    • Longitudinal studies are needed to understand dynamic interaction patterns.
    • Previous research often viewed conflict behaviors as universally detrimental.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine how specific marital interaction patterns predict concurrent and longitudinal marital satisfaction.
    • To differentiate between immediate and long-term effects of conflict resolution behaviors.
    • To identify dysfunctional interaction patterns that lead to marital deterioration.

    Main Methods:

    • Two longitudinal studies observed couples resolving high-conflict issues.
    • Behavioral coding of interaction patterns was employed.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Marital satisfaction was assessed concurrently and over a 3-year period.

    • Main Results:

    • Disagreement and anger exchanges predicted improved marital satisfaction longitudinally, despite concurrent negative effects.
    • Defensiveness (including whining), stubbornness, and withdrawal predicted longitudinal deterioration in marital satisfaction.
    • Gender differences in marital satisfaction maintenance roles were hypothesized.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain conflict behaviors, often seen as negative, may not harm long-term marital satisfaction.
    • Specific interaction patterns like defensiveness, stubbornness, and withdrawal are detrimental to marital longevity.
    • Understanding these nuances is key for effective marital therapy and relationship maintenance.