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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Trapping of Micro Particles in Nanoplasmonic Optical Lattice

Published on: September 5, 2017

Nanoplasmon-enabled macroscopic thermal management.

Gustav Edman Jonsson¹, Vladimir Miljkovic¹, Alexandre Dmitriev¹

¹Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 41296, Sweden.

Scientific Reports

|May 30, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Highly absorptive nanoplasmonic materials efficiently convert light to heat. A new thermal imaging method quantifies this heat generation, crucial for energy harvesting and thermal management applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Energy Harvesting

Background:

Nanoplasmonic materials are highly absorptive, acting as super-absorbers for optical radiation.
Applications in energy harvesting increasingly utilize these materials for light-to-heat conversion.
Direct experimental probing of temperature increases from these absorbers is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a quantitative method for characterizing heat generation in optically absorptive layers.
To demonstrate the heat-generating capability of nanoplasmonic materials using thermal imaging.

Main Methods:

Derivation of a general quantitative method for heat generation characterization.
Utilizing macroscopic thermal imaging to monitor temperature increases.
Employing nanostructures occupying a small surface area (8%) for homogeneous heating.

Main Results:

Successfully derived and applied a quantitative method for thermal characterization.
Demonstrated homogeneous macroscopic area heating by several degrees Celsius.
Showcased significant heat generation from nanoplasmonic light capture on a minimally covering surface.

Conclusions:

Nanoplasmonic materials offer significant heat generation capabilities for energy harvesting.
The developed thermal imaging method provides a direct way to probe absorber performance.
This research has implications for applications requiring efficient thermal management.