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Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer
Published on: October 31, 2025
Breast cancer: major risk factors and recent developments in treatment
Wafa Majeed1, Bilal Aslam, Ijaz Javed
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract:
Breast cancer is the most common in women worldwide, with some 5-10% of all cases due to inherited mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Obesity, hormone therapy and use of alcohol are possible causes and over-expression of leptin in adipose tissue may also play a role. Normally surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy allow a good prognosis where screening measures are in place. New hope in treatment measures include adjuvant therapy, neoadjuvant therapy, and introduction of mono-clonal antibodies and enzyme inhibitors.
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