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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

34.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 29, 2026

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders
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[Biological therapy for osteoporosis].

Shinya Nakamura1, Sakae Tanaka

  • 1Graduate School of Medicine, Surgical Sciences, Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Novel osteoporosis drugs target bone formation and resorption. Denosumab, odanacatib, BHQ-880, and romosozumab show promise in clinical trials for treating bone loss and preventing fractures.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Osteoporosis disrupts the balance between bone formation and resorption.
  • Understanding molecular mechanisms has revealed new therapeutic targets for osteoporosis treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel biological drugs for osteoporosis.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic strategies targeting bone metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on osteoporosis therapeutics.
  • Analysis of novel drug classes including monoclonal antibodies and enzyme inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, improves bone mineral density and reduces resorption and fractures.

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  • Odanacatib (cathepsin K inhibitor) and BHQ-880 (anti-Dkk-1 antibody) are emerging antiresorptive agents.
  • Romosozumab, an anti-sclerostin antibody, promotes bone formation via Wnt signaling.

    • Conclusions:

    • Novel biological drugs offer promising therapeutic avenues for osteoporosis.
    • Targeting bone resorption and formation pathways provides new treatment options.
    • Ongoing clinical studies are expected to lead to wider clinical applications.