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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
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Associative Hebbian synaptic plasticity in primate visual cortex.

Shiyong Huang1, Carlos Rozas1, Mario Treviño1

  • 1The Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 and.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cellular mechanisms of neural plasticity, like spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), are conserved across mammals. This study confirms Hebbian induction and NMDAR dependence of STDP in primate visual cortex, validating rodent models for studying brain plasticity.

Keywords:
LTDLTPSTDPmonkey

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primate Neurophysiology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Functional connectivity in adult primate visual cortex changes with perceptual learning.
  • Neural plasticity mechanisms like long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are implicated.
  • NMDAR-dependent LTP/LTD in rodents exhibit Hebbian induction via spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Hebbian induction and NMDAR dependence of LTP and LTD in primate visual cortex.
  • To determine if STDP properties observed in rodents are conserved in primates.
  • To assess the role of neuromodulators in gating STDP in primates.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings in the primary visual cortex of rhesus macaques.
  • Induction of synaptic plasticity using precisely timed electrical stimulation.
  • Pharmacological manipulation to examine NMDAR dependence and neuromodulator effects.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated Hebbian induction of synaptic plasticity in primate visual cortex.
  • Confirmed NMDAR dependence for LTP and LTD.
  • Showed that STDP in primates is gated by neuromodulators, similar to rodents.

Conclusions:

  • The fundamental cellular principles of cortical plasticity, including STDP, are conserved across mammalian species.
  • Findings support the use of rodent models for understanding primate cortical plasticity.
  • This research deepens our understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of learning and memory.