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Silicon single-crystal cryogenic optical resonator.

Eugen Wiens, Qun-Feng Chen, Ingo Ernsting

    Optics Letters
    |May 31, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    We demonstrate a silicon optical resonator for laser frequency stabilization at cryogenic temperatures. This system achieves exceptional stability, enabling laser frequency stabilization at the 10⁻¹⁷ level.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Laser frequency stabilization is crucial for precision measurements.
    • Optical resonators are key components for achieving high stability.
    • Cryogenic operation can enhance resonator performance by reducing thermal noise.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate and characterize a silicon optical resonator for laser frequency stabilization.
    • To investigate the resonator's performance in the deep cryogenic regime.
    • To measure the resonator's thermal expansion coefficient and sensitivity to laser power.

    Main Methods:

    • Operating a silicon optical resonator at temperatures as low as 1.5 K.
    • Measuring absolute frequency drift over one hour.

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  • Characterizing the resonator's thermal expansion coefficient (α).
  • Stabilizing resonator temperature below 10 μK.
  • Studying resonator frequency sensitivity to laser power variations.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved robust operation with absolute frequency drift < 20 Hz over 1 hour.
    • Measured α = 4.6×10⁻¹³ K⁻¹ at 1.6 K.
    • Observed α vanishing at 16.8 K with a derivative of -6×10⁻¹⁰ K⁻².
    • Demonstrated temperature stabilization below 10 μK for > 20 s averaging times.
    • Indicated potential for laser frequency stabilization at the 10⁻¹⁷ level.

    Conclusions:

    • The silicon optical resonator operates robustly in the deep cryogenic regime.
    • The system's stability and measured parameters support its use for ultra-precise laser frequency stabilization.
    • This technology paves the way for next-generation metrology and fundamental physics experiments.