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Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

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Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal...
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Feedback control systems01:26

Feedback control systems

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Feedback control systems are categorized in various ways based on their design, analysis, and signal types.
Linear feedback systems are theoretical models that simplify analysis and design. These systems operate under the principle that their output is directly proportional to their input within certain ranges. For instance, an amplifier in a control system behaves linearly as long as the input signal remains within a specific range. However, most physical systems exhibit inherent nonlinearity...
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Control System Problem01:21

Control System Problem

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In an open-loop system, such as a basic thermostat, the poles of the transfer function influence the system's response but do not determine its stability. However, when feedback is introduced to form a closed-loop system, such as an advanced thermostat that adjusts heating based on room temperature, stability is governed by the new poles of the closed-loop transfer function.
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...
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Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

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Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
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Control Systems: Applications01:25

Control Systems: Applications

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Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
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Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

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Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
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An Experimental Platform to Study the Closed-loop Performance of Brain-machine Interfaces
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Evaluating the Performance of a Novel Embedded Closed-loop System.

Lalantha Leelarathna1, Hood Thabit1, Janet M Allen1

  • 1Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|May 31, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows a novel automated closed-loop glucose control system is highly reliable for adults with type 1 diabetes, maintaining glucose levels within target ranges overnight without hypoglycemia.

Keywords:
AP@home consortiumDexcom G4 PlatinumMPC algorithmclosed-loopcontinuous glucose monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Technology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes management requires continuous glucose monitoring and insulin delivery.
  • Automated closed-loop systems aim to improve glycemic control and reduce the burden of diabetes management.
  • The AP@home consortium developed a novel automated closed-loop glucose control system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the reliability of a new automated closed-loop glucose control system.
  • To evaluate the system's performance in adults with type 1 diabetes over a 12-hour overnight period.
  • To determine the time spent within target glucose ranges and the incidence of hypoglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • An open-label, single-center, single-arm study involving eight adults with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy.
  • The automated closed-loop system utilized a Cambridge model predictive control algorithm with real-time continuous glucose monitor readings.
  • Participants received a standardized meal and optional snack; the system adjusted basal insulin delivery overnight.

Main Results:

  • The closed-loop system was operational for over 99% of the time.
  • Overnight glucose levels (22:00-07:00) were within the target range (3.9-8.0 mmol/l) for 75.4% of the time, with no hypoglycemia.
  • For the entire 12-hour period (19:00-07:00), glucose levels were within the target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/l) for 84.4% of the time.
  • No adverse events were reported during the trial.

Conclusions:

  • The novel automated closed-loop glucose control system demonstrated high reliability in adults with type 1 diabetes.
  • Overnight glycemic control was comparable to previously published studies.
  • Further miniaturization of the system is recommended for future home-based studies.