Poly(glycerol sebacate urethane)-cellulose nanocomposites with water-active shape-memory effects

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Biodegradable and biocompatible materials with shape-memory effects (SMEs) are crucial for advanced minimally invasive medical devices.
• Poly(glycerol sebacate urethane) (PGSU) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) offer a promising combination for developing such materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the structural, mechanical, and water absorption properties of PGSU-CNC nanocomposites.
• To evaluate the shape-memory performance and water-responsive adaptive capabilities of these nanocomposites.
• To determine the optimal CNC content for enhanced shape-memory effects.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of PGSU-CNC nanocomposites with varying CNC concentrations.
• Characterization of material structure, water absorption, and mechanical properties.
• Assessment of shape-memory performance, including shape fixing and recovery ratios.
• In vitro degradation studies with and without enzymatic presence.

Main Results:

• Nanocomposite properties, including water absorption and mechanical behavior, were significantly influenced by CNC content.
• Water-responsive, mechanically adaptive properties and shape-memory effects were observed.
• The PGSU-CNC nanocomposite with 23.2 vol % CNCs demonstrated superior SMEs, achieving 98% shape fixing and 99% shape recovery.
• A stable, hydrophilic CNC network within the elastomeric matrix contributed to the enhanced performance.

Conclusions:

• PGSU-CNC nanocomposites exhibit tunable properties and excellent shape-memory effects, making them suitable for medical applications.
• The optimal CNC content is critical for achieving desired mechanical adaptation and shape-memory performance.
• These nanocomposites show potential for developing next-generation, minimally invasive medical devices with controlled degradation profiles.