Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.4K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

11.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.8K
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

857
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
857
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

11.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.7K
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

1.7K
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enhancement of corneal epithelium cell survival, proliferation and migration by red light: Relevance to corneal wound healing.

Experimental eye research·2019
Same author

Blue light negatively affects the survival of ARPE19 cells through an action on their mitochondria and blunted by red light.

Acta ophthalmologica·2018
Same author

Near infra-red light attenuates corneal endothelial cell dysfunction in situ and in vitro.

Experimental eye research·2017
Same author

Visual light effects on mitochondria: The potential implications in relation to glaucoma.

Mitochondrion·2016
Same author

Blue Light Action on Mitochondria Leads to Cell Death by Necroptosis.

Neurochemical research·2016
Same author

Glaucoma: Focus on mitochondria in relation to pathogenesis and neuroprotection.

European journal of pharmacology·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

4.3K

Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction as in aging and glaucoma.

Neville N Osborne1, Claudia Núñez Álvarez1, Susana del Olmo Aguado1

  • 1Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Avda. Doctores Fernández-Vega 34, E-33012 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.

Drug Discovery Today
|June 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Aging and glaucoma impair neuronal mitochondria, reducing ATP production and increasing oxidative stress. Enhancing mitochondrial function via rapamycin or red light therapy may offer therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
09:16

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: February 3, 2023

4.3K
Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples
08:45

Determination of Mitochondrial Respiration and Glycolysis in Ex Vivo Retinal Tissue Samples

Published on: August 4, 2021

4.3K
Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry
09:16

Real-Time Analysis of Bioenergetics in Primary Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Using High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: February 3, 2023

4.3K
Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Neuronal mitochondria are crucial for function but decline with age.
  • Aging impairs mitochondrial ATP production, increasing reactive oxygen species.
  • Glaucoma further compromises retinal ganglion cell mitochondria due to hypoxia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for enhancing neuronal mitochondrial function.
  • To investigate rapamycin's effect on mitochondrial function via REDD1.
  • To examine red light therapy as a non-invasive approach to improve mitochondrial health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on mitochondrial function in aging and glaucoma.
  • Analysis of rapamycin's mechanism involving regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (REDD1).
  • Consideration of red light therapy's impact on mitochondrial ATP synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in age-related neuronal decline and glaucoma.
  • Rapamycin shows potential to enhance mitochondrial function, possibly through REDD1 modulation.
  • Red light therapy presents a promising non-invasive method for boosting mitochondrial efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting neuronal mitochondria offers a therapeutic avenue for age-related and glaucoma-related neurodegeneration.
  • Rapamycin and red light therapy are potential interventions to restore mitochondrial health.
  • Further research into these strategies could lead to novel treatments for debilitating neurological conditions.