Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 28, 2026
08:03
Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
445
Do long-faced subjects really have a long anterior face? A longitudinal study
Yale Ha1, Young-Seok Park2, Seung-Pyo Lee3
1Postgraduate student, Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
Summary
Children with long faces primarily have longer lower facial heights, not longer upper facial heights, compared to normal or short-faced children. This finding is consistent across growth stages.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Orthodontics
- Craniofacial Growth
Background:
- Facial morphology varies significantly among children.
- Understanding anterior facial height proportions is crucial for diagnosing and managing craniofacial anomalies.
- Long-faced individuals often present distinct growth patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare anterior facial heights in children with long, normal, and short faces during growth.
- To determine if long-faced children exhibit increased dimensions in both upper and lower anterior facial heights.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal lateral cephalometric data from 167 children (ages 6-14) were analyzed.
- Measurements included total, upper, and lower anterior face heights.
- Children were classified into long-faced, normal-faced, and short-faced groups based on facial height ratios.
Main Results:
- Long-faced children consistently showed greater mean lower anterior face height than other groups.
- Normal-faced children had a longer mean upper anterior face height compared to long-faced and short-faced groups.
- Short-faced children exhibited larger mean upper anterior face height than long-faced children in girls and older boys.
Conclusions:
- Long faces in children are primarily attributed to increased lower anterior face height.
- Upper anterior face height does not significantly increase in long-faced children compared to normal or short-faced children.
- Facial type is largely determined by the proportional growth of the lower face.
Related Concept Videos
02:20Longitudinal Research
11.7K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
11.7K
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
950
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
950
01:26Longitudinal Studies
704
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
704
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
5.7K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.7K
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
10.2K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.2K
01:30Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
1.8K
A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
1.8K