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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

278
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
278
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

26.3K
Overview
26.3K
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

7.2K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
7.2K
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

206
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
206
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

266
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
266
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
1.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

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Anaphylaxis.

Jeffrey Zilberstein1, Michael T McCurdy2, Michael E Winters3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|June 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapid epinephrine administration is crucial for treating anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction. Prompt recognition and treatment by emergency care providers significantly improve patient outcomes and survival rates.

Keywords:
allergic reactionanaphylactic shockanaphylaxisantihistaminescardiogenic shockcorticosteroidsdistributive shockepinephrinehypovolemic shock

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Allergy and Immunology

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a critical, rapidly progressing illness with potentially fatal outcomes.
  • Timely diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent increased patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Annual deaths from anaphylaxis in the US highlight the need for effective emergency care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management of anaphylaxis.
  • To emphasize the critical role of prompt epinephrine administration.
  • To clarify the use of adjunctive therapies in anaphylaxis management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature and updated international anaphylaxis guidelines.
  • Analysis of anaphylaxis as a multisystem disorder.
  • Evaluation of current treatment protocols and drug choices.

Main Results:

  • Anaphylaxis affects multiple body systems, presenting with diverse signs and symptoms.
  • Epinephrine is the primary treatment, administered intramuscularly upon diagnosis.
  • Continuous epinephrine infusion is indicated for unresponsive patients.

Conclusions:

  • Epinephrine is the cornerstone of anaphylaxis treatment and must be administered immediately.
  • Antihistamines and corticosteroids are secondary treatments and should not precede epinephrine.
  • Aggressive fluid resuscitation aids in managing anaphylaxis-induced volume depletion.