Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

3.8K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
3.8K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

11.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
11.7K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

2.0K
2.0K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

8.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
8.8K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

11.8K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
11.8K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

13.4K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sex differences in animal models of complex disorders: Affective disorders, type 2 diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·2026
Same author

Does Administration of Low-Dose Aspirin Enhance the Efficacy of Psychotropic Drugs in Patients with Bipolar Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Schizoaffective Disorder?

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial Insights into Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder: A State-of-the-Art Review.

Neuropsychobiology·2025
Same author

Lithium, Inflammation and Neuroinflammation with Emphasis on Bipolar Disorder-A Narrative Review.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

The Role of FKBPs in Complex Disorders: Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Cells·2024
Same author

The Effect of Global Warming on Complex Disorders (Mental Disorders, Primary Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes).

International journal of environmental research and public health·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Contact Sites and Architectural Insights
07:55

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Contact Sites and Architectural Insights

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.3K

Lithium, inositol and mitochondria.

Lilach Toker1, Galila Agam2

  • 1†Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|June 3, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction may predispose individuals to manic behavior, suggesting that treatments improving mitochondrial function could prevent manic episodes. Further research is needed due to the broad involvement of mitochondrial issues in various disorders.

Keywords:
Lithiumautophagygenomics and proteomicsinositolknockout micemitochondira

More Related Videos

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.4K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Contact Sites and Architectural Insights
07:55

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mitochondrial Contact Sites and Architectural Insights

Published on: June 16, 2023

2.3K
Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue
09:27

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Published on: March 23, 2015

39.4K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lithium is a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder.
  • Inositol metabolism is implicated in bipolar disorder.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy are implicated in psychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate pathways affected by lithium and inositol metabolism gene knockouts (IMPA1, Slc5a3).
  • Explore the link between mitochondrial function and manic behavior.
  • Assess the potential of mitochondrial-targeting drugs for preventing manic episodes.

Main Methods:

  • DNA-microarray and proteomics analyses.
  • Gene knockout studies (IMPA1, Slc5a3).
  • Behavioral studies following rotenone treatment.

Main Results:

  • Up-regulation of mitochondria-related genes and autophagy-related proteins in the frontal cortex.
  • Evidence suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction predisposes to manic behavior.
  • Potential for drugs targeting mitochondrial function to prevent manic episodes.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential etiological factor in manic behavior.
  • Mitochondrial function enhancement may offer a therapeutic strategy for bipolar disorder.
  • The broad involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction necessitates careful interpretation of findings.