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Related Concept Videos

Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

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The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Two Components: Liquid–Liquid Systems01:27

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A pressure-composition phase diagram explicitly describes the behavior of an ideal solution of two volatile liquids under varying pressures and compositions. A pressure-composition diagram has two main curves. The bubble point curve represents the plot of pressure versus liquid mole fraction. It indicates the pressure at which the first bubble of vapor forms from the liquid phase as the system pressure decreases.The dew point curve is the pressure versus vapor mole fraction. It indicates the...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
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Diverse transformations of liquid metals between different morphologies.

Lei Sheng1, Jie Zhang, Jing Liu

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 4, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electric fields induce unusual behaviors in liquid metals, such as self-rotation and locomotion, when interacting with water. These phenomena suggest novel applications, including medical recovery of liquid metals.

Keywords:
liquid metalslocomotionmorphological transformationsself-rotationwater vortexes

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Area of Science:

  • Physics and Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Liquid metals exhibit unique properties when subjected to external stimuli.
  • The interaction between liquid metals and water under electric fields is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and explain unusual phenomena observed in liquid metals under electric fields in aqueous environments.
  • To propose a mechanism for these observed effects.
  • To outline potential applications of these phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of liquid metal behavior (film to sphere transformation, merging, self-rotation, planar locomotion) under applied electric fields.
  • Liquid metal was immersed in or sprayed with water.
  • Theoretical mechanism proposed to explain the observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Unusual phenomena including transformation from film to sphere, rapid merging, controlled self-rotation, and planar locomotion were observed.
  • A mechanism explaining these effects was suggested.
  • Potential applications were outlined.

Conclusions:

  • Electric fields can induce complex and controlled behaviors in liquid metals within aqueous environments.
  • The observed phenomena have potential applications in areas such as medical recovery of therapeutic liquid metals.