Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation Gravimetry

Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

Primary Production

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Climate change drives shifts in straddling fish stocks in the world's ocean.

Science advances·2025

Same author

Irreversible glacier change and trough water for centuries after overshooting 1.5 °C.

Nature climate change·2025

Same author

Extreme compound events in the equatorial and South Atlantic.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Author Correction: Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023-2024 unlikely but not unexpected.

Nature·2025

Same author

Record sea surface temperature jump in 2023-2024 unlikely but not unexpected.

Nature·2025

Same author

Overconfidence in climate overshoot.

Nature·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Published on: October 21, 2016

An observing system simulation for Southern Ocean carbon dioxide uptake.

Joseph D Majkut¹, Brendan R Carter², Thomas L Frölicher³

¹Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA jmajkut@princeton.edu.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences

|June 4, 2014

Summary

The Southern Ocean absorbs significant amounts of human-caused carbon dioxide (CO2), helping regulate climate. New float-based ocean sampling methods can improve our understanding of this vital CO2 uptake.

Keywords:

Southern Ocean carbon observational system simulation experiment

More Related Videos

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites

Published on: June 24, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

Published on: October 21, 2016

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites

Measurements of CO2 Fluxes at Non-Ideal Eddy Covariance Sites

Published on: June 24, 2019

Area of Science:

Oceanography
Climate Science
Biogeochemistry

Background:

The Southern Ocean plays a critical role in absorbing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), influencing global carbon balance and climate change mitigation.
Current understanding of Southern Ocean CO2 dynamics is limited by sparse observations and incomplete climate models, hindering accurate flux estimations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing estimates of Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and projections under climate change.
To assess the potential of float-based sampling for improving CO2 flux measurements and monitoring.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake.
Observational system simulation experiment (OSSE) to evaluate float-based sampling capabilities.

Main Results:

Float-based sampling offers a significant opportunity to measure mean CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean.
This technology can effectively monitor mean CO2 uptake over decadal timescales.

Conclusions:

Enhanced observational strategies, particularly float-based sampling, are crucial for advancing our understanding of Southern Ocean carbon cycling.
Improved data from floats will enable more robust predictions of future CO2 uptake and its role in climate regulation.