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Functional correlates of prospective memory in stroke.

Neeltje Kant1, Esther van den Berg1, Martine J E van Zandvoort2

  • 1Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Langeveld Building, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nieuw Unicum, Zandvoortselaan 165, 2042XK Zandvoort, The Netherlands.

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Prospective memory impairment is common after stroke, affecting 41% of patients. Event-based prospective memory relies on retrospective memory, while time-based prospective memory requires attention and processing speed.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Prospective memory (PM) is crucial for daily functioning, involving remembering future intentions.
  • Cognitive processes underlying PM vary, with differing degrees of automaticity and effort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate prospective memory (dys)functioning in stroke survivors.
  • To differentiate cognitive processes supporting time-based versus event-based PM after stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 39 stroke survivors with 53 controls using naturalistic and experimental PM tasks.
  • Assessed retrospective memory, processing speed, and attention/executive functions.

Main Results:

  • 41% of stroke patients showed PM deficits, comparable to retrospective memory impairments.
  • Event-based PM relied on retrospective memory, suggesting automaticity.
  • Time-based PM was linked to processing speed, attention, and executive functions, indicating effortful monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • PM impairment is frequent post-stroke.
  • Distinct cognitive processes support different PM types, aligning with the multi-process framework.
  • Findings clarify the cognitive underpinnings of PM in stroke recovery.