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Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
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Structural simplicity and complexity of compressed calcium: electronic origin.

Valentina F Degtyareva1

  • 1Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Province 142432, Russian Federation.

Acta Crystallographica Section B, Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials
|June 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Compressed calcium surprisingly forms a simple cubic structure, challenging typical dense packing expectations. This unusual transformation is explained by electron transfer and increased valence electron numbers, supported by the Fermi sphere-Brillouin zone interaction model.

Keywords:
close-packed structurescompressed calciumelectronic structure

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • High-pressure physics

Background:

  • Under pressure, materials typically adopt densely packed structures.
  • Calcium exhibits an unusual simple cubic structure under compression, contradicting this trend.
  • Understanding this transformation requires re-evaluating electron behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the counterintuitive simple cubic structure of compressed calcium.
  • To investigate the role of electron transfer and valence electron changes.
  • To analyze structural similarities with other compounds based on electronic structure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of crystal structures under compression.
  • Application of the Fermi sphere-Brillouin zone interaction model.
  • Comparison of electronic structures and valence electron counts.

Main Results:

  • A simple cubic structure (cP1) in compressed calcium suggests electron transfer.
  • Valence electron number in calcium increases from 2 to approximately 3.5 under pressure.
  • The Ca-VII (tI32) structure shows resemblance to In5Bi3, correlating with valence electron density.

Conclusions:

  • Electron transfer and increased valence electron number are key to understanding compressed calcium's structure.
  • The Fermi sphere-Brillouin zone interaction model supports these findings.
  • Structural and electronic properties of calcium under pressure are interconnected.