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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

CT-guided Preoperative Localization of Pulmonary Nodules Using a Glucose Test and Tissue Adhesive
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A decrease in the size of ground glass nodules may indicate the optimal timing for curative surgery.

Hiroyuki Kaneda1, Takahito Nakano1, Yohei Taniguchi1

  • 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University Hirakata Hospital, Japan; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.

Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|June 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Nearly half of ground glass nodules (GGNs) showed size reduction during follow-up chest CT scans. This decrease may indicate progression to invasive adenocarcinoma and optimal timing for pulmonary resection.

Keywords:
AdenocarcinomaComputed tomographyCurative surgeryGround glass nodulesNon-small cell lung cancerOptimal timing

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ground glass nodules (GGNs) are typically considered slow-growing, but their natural progression, including potential size decrease, is not fully understood.
  • Previous studies have occasionally reported size reduction in GGNs, prompting further investigation into their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze the radiologic and pathological features of resected GGNs.
  • To clarify the natural progression of GGNs by reviewing chest CT scans obtained at least one year prior to surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of chest CT scans and clinical records for 32 GGNs in 31 patients who underwent pulmonary resection.
  • Classification of pure GGNs and part-solid nodules based on tumor shadow disappearance rate.
  • Mean tumor size calculation using two measurements for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The mean GGN size was 15.2 mm, with a median follow-up of 21 months before surgery.
  • Of 26 initial pure GGNs, 58% remained pure, while 42% developed a solid component.
  • Overall, 47% of GGNs exhibited a size reduction on follow-up CT, including both pure GGNs and those developing solid components.

Conclusions:

  • Size reduction in GGNs may signify progression to invasive adenocarcinoma.
  • Careful follow-up is crucial for GGNs showing mild collapse to detect solid component development.
  • Observed tumor size decreases could indicate optimal timing for pulmonary resection and curative treatment.