Assessing and addressing moral distress and ethical climate, part 1

Jeanie Sauerland¹, Kathleen Marotta, Mary Anne Peinemann+2

• ¹Jeanie Sauerland, BS, BSN, RN, is nurse manager Outpatient Surgery at University Hospital in San Antonio, Texas. She has a Bachelor's degree in Health Education from Texas A&M University and a BSN from the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas. She is currently a student at M.D. Anderson working toward a certification in clinical ethics. Her research interest is nurse participation in ethical issues. Kathleen Marotta, BSN, RN, received a Bachelor of Science in Nursing at University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Bachelor of Science in Education, Our Lady of the Elms, Chicopee, Massachusetts; and community educator - Shaken Baby Syndrome. Her research interest is moral distress and ethical climate. Mary Anne Peinemann, MSN, RN, received her Diploma of Nursing at St. Paul's School of Nursing in Dallas Texas, and her BSN and MSN from Incarnate Word University. She has worked as a CNS nurse educator in pediatrics at University Health SystemWorked at UHS for 25 years. Her research interests include ethics, how children react to different nurses, and how/why nurses change or not change practices when change is recommended by research evidence. Andrea Berndt, PhD, is an assistant professor and statistician at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, School of Nursing. Dr Berndt teaches research and statistics courses in the doctoral program, and provides research and statistics consultation for students, faculty, and community stakeholders. Her research interests primarily focus on assessment, evaluation, and instrumentation in nursing education and healthcare institutions. She received her BS in psychology, MS in Experimental Psychology, and PhD in Industrial-Organizational Psychology from Old Dominion University. Catherine Robichaux, PhD, RN, received her BSN from Cornell University, MSN from Incarnate Word College and PhD from the University of Texas at Austin. She is an assistant professor, adjunct, at